Tool holder



Nov. 9, 1926. 1,606,718

H. N. ORUP I TOOL HOLDER Filed Jan. 2 1925 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 WITNESSES mvsmoa ATTORNEYS Nov. 9 1926; 1,606,718

I H. N. ORUP TOOL HOLDER Filed Jan. 27. 1925 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 FEE-5. (i Q TEE- TEE WITNESSES ATTORNEYS Patented Nev. 9, 1926 ENEFEGEE STATES PATENT fit l ifih.

EIJALMAR NATANAEL ORUP, OF ATTLEBORO, MASSACHUSETTS.

TOOL HOLDER.

Application filed January 27, 1925. Serial No, 5,134.

My invention relates to a tool holder for metal working tools. In metal Working with the single point tool used on lathes and planers, it is recognized that it is a difficult matter to eliminate a series of wavelilre depressions caused by the tendency of the tool to bite into the work, the result being what is technically known as chatter. The chattering referred to is less frequent at slow speed and with sharp pointed tools but becomes very troublesome at high speeds and with wide surfaces of tool contact as in forming tools. In attempts to overcome the serious defect referred toymanufacturers of machine tools have increased the size of the journals or spindles of lathes and generally have strengthened the construction of their tools. he result was helpful but did not obliterate the tendency of the tool to chatter. In addition to the difliculty of removing the efiects of chatter by means of filing or grinding, the effect of the chatter is very often the real cause of the heating and breaking of tools and with the use of high speed steels the tendency of heating and breakage is increased.

For many years it has been known to mechanics that chattering can be minimized or actually prevented by the use of a tool which provides a certain elasticity or spring which permits the cutting point to recede from the work while maintaining a steady pressure. Crude tools havebeen fashioned cf ooseneck shape or approximately so and he e demonstrated the correctness of the heory respecting resiliencytending to overcome chattering. 'lhe'possibilities of tools and holders possessing the attribute of resiliency as referred'to has not been realized andthe development of such tools has not proceeded to a point resulting in real efficiency.

An important object of my invention is to provide a novel tool holder utilizing the feature of resiliency to the maximum excut and in a practical manner.

A further object of the invention is to provide novel means for holding the tool at the desired angle for the higher theoretical and practical eilicency.

A further important object of my invention is to provide a tool holder in which the head or holder proper and its shank are relatively adjustable in a manner that the tool point may be adjusted at any desired point on a lathe without disturbing the angle of approach commonly termed the rake, as well as to provide an assemblage of tool-holding head and shank when desired, characterized by a rigid relation between the head and shank for use on planers where a vertical adjustment is not necessary.

My invention also has as an object to provide a tool holder well adapted for receiving and holding thin blades instead of bits for the purpose of cutting off stock.

The manner and means whereby the above and other objects are attained will clearly appear as the description proceeds. Reference is to be had to the accompanying drawings forming a part of this specification, it being understood that the drawings are merely illustrative of two examples of the invention.

Figure 1 is an elevation of a tool holder embodying my invention showing the same supported in the tool post of the lathe, a piece of Work being indicated in section;

Figure 2 is a side elevation of the tool holder but indicating different angular adjustments of the tool;

Figure 3 is a plan of the tool holder;

Figure 4 is' a transverse vertical section in the plane indicated by the line 4- 1, Figure 1;

Figure 5 is a horizontal section generally in the plane indicated by the line 5-5, Figure 2, the toolbeing shown in plan and partly broken away;

Figure 6 is a transverse vertical section.

on theline 66, Figure 4:;

Figure 7 is a view of the inner end of the sleeve applied to the tool-holding stud;

Figure 8 is a side elevation of'the toolholding stud;

Figure. 9 is a view of the stud at the clutch end, thereof;

Figure 10 is a perspective view of one of the adjusting elements interchangeably employed with the stud to adapt the tool holder to tools of different sizes;

Figures 10, 10 and 10 are end views of the interchangeable adjusting elements employed, these views being given to show the variations in the slots of said elements for accommodating tools of varying sizes;

Figure 11 is an elevation of the tool holdllll) I o inner clutch element appurtenant to the holder;

Figure 18 1s a view partlyln plan and partly in horizontal section, the section line theme; indicatedv by the line 18-13, Figure 11;

Figure 14 is. a vertical section in a plane indicated by the line ids-r1 1, Figure 18;

- Figure 15 is a'fragnientary detail in horizontal section through the holder as indi- -atedby the line 1515,Figure 12, a tapered pin for preventing resiliency in the, holder being shown in plan;

-Figure' 16 is a detail in cross section through the holder assemblage shown in Figure 18,.the plane of the section being indicated by the line 16-16 in said Figure 18;

Figure 17 is a face view of one of the col lars employed on the stud and utilized for secu'rii in the holder. athin tool for cut ting oili stock;

lligure18 isan' elevation with parts in section showing on the holders a non-adjustable shank for use in planers;

l igu re 19 is a side elevation showing a modified form of tl e head and shank;

l igure 2(l'is a sectional plan view on line I 20-20" of Figure, 19.

In carrying out my invention in accordance .with the illustrated example, I provide the tool-holding head 20 and formed therein is a slot designated generally by the numeral 21 which'extends from what isthe lower end of the head 20 when the toolholds er is employed in the lathe. Said slot has an oblique portion 22 terminating in an enlarged hole 28 after the mannerof a key.

hole. The slot 21 extends through the mentioned lower end of the head 20 at one side of a vertical line passing through the axis of the tool-holding means provided in the head 20 as hereinatter described. Said slot 21 ex tends vertically from its lower end and then 1 is deflected laterally in the form of an elon- I gated oblique portion 22 extending beyondthe mentioned vertical linepassing through the axle of the tool-holding means. The arrangement of the slot referred to serves to provide the maximum resiliency in that portion of the head 20 holoin the tools and gives to said tool-holding portion a resiliency akin to that of a torsion spring sin e the ilexure will be approximately about a point adjacent to theterininal28 of the slot.

The head 20 at the resilient portion thereof, that is to s y, at a s1delottheslot21, 22 has a transverse hole 24 which has a threadthe teeth 29 are threads 81.

. 28- and mating teeth 29 are provided on one end of a tool bit receiving stud 80. On the exterior of stud at the end opposite threaded end thestud 80 is formed with a transverse slot 82 which receives an ad usting element 88 said ad usting element be ng formed with a transverse, slot well as clutch-like members 89 separated by slots 40- ofvarying widths to accommodate tool bits oi:v different sizes. In order to render the resilient head 2 solidior-non-resilient, a tapered pin 48 (Figures 12 and 15') may be employed fitting opposed recesses; 42in the, side walls of the slot 21. A tightening. screw 44 is provided at the back of the head 80 for passing through the threaded bushing 26 to engage in an. internally threaded bore180 oithei stud'r80: Saidscrew 4:4; has asquared end 15 torireceiving aswrench and it turned for- Wardlycauses. the studs 80 to engage the clutclrteeth 291with the fixed clutch teeth 28; A flange .46 at the base of head 15 bears against a, washer 17 which is disposed against the back oi the head 20.

For holding a; wide thin tool 187 for use in. cutting. offstock, two collars or washers 4:8, 49 are employed, such washers being alike and: shown best in Figures8, 13 and 17.- Each washer has alining slots 50, the I bottom walls 51 of which constitute inclined seats for the thin tool or blade 187, the inclination of the seats 51 .(seeliigure 8) serving to dispose the tool bit for proper clearance.

:With the described construction the stud being disengaged from the clutch 2'7 by turning back the screw 4141, said stud is re.- moved from the holder. The proper bit 87 having been selected an adjustingelement 88, 188, 288 is selected corresponding with the size: of the bitand said element is placed in. the .slot 821-01 stud The sleeve 88 which constitutes in etlecta knurled nut is turnedluponithe stud 80 until the-particular slotl40 insaid sleeve registers with the slot The tool: bit 87-is now inserted through. the sleeve 88. and a. passed through the adjusting element 88 and in the. adjusting elementv '88.

Also, at the sleeve 38.

thus through the stud, thereby being positioned passing through the sleeve, stud and adjusting element for projecting it the desired extent beyond the peripheryof the The stud 30 and sleeve 38 carrying the tool bit are now inserted in the holder 20 and turned until the proper angle of the tool 37 is obtained after which the back tightening screw 44 is inserted and by the turning of said screw all the parts will be securely locked in the resilient part of the holder. It will be seen that the three slots provide three predetermined angular positions for the tool bit 37 and it will be seen that the an gle or rake will thus be constant and not be dependent on the skill or knowledge of the operator of the machine. Furthermore, the grinding is limited to the end of the tool bit with my arrangement and there is thus no waste of tool metal as in other forms of tool holders where the rake is required to be obtained by grinding which often results in the weakening of the tool where the strength is most needed. Where a thin blade 137 is employed in the tool holder for the purpose of cutting off stock, the two washers or collars 48, 49 are employed with the slotted bases thereof opposed as shown best in Figure 13. I

In Figures 1 to 4 where the tool bit 37 is employed only one collar 48 is used and this is bound firmly against the face of the head 20 by engagement of the tool bit 37 under the pressure of the sleeve or nut 38.

In lathe work a shank 52 is provided for the tool-holding head 20. Said shank has a head 53 formed with a threaded bore 54 to receive ascrew 55 which is swivelled at one end in a lug 56 at the bottom of head 20,

the swivelling in the example shown being produced by an annular groove 5? in screw 5 55 and a changeable. pin 58 engaging in said groove and passing through the lug 56. At

' the top the screw 55 hasa reduced diameter fitted in the lathe tool post A in the usual manner. By turning the screw 55 the head 20 and screw 55 will be caused to travel relatively to the head 53 of shank 52, the amplitude of movement being limited to lugs 56 and 59. Thus, the head 20. with its bit 37 may be adjusted vertically relatively to the piece of work B so that the bit engages the. work B in the most effective manner. The adjustment of the head 20 by the screw 60, it will be seen, in no way, affects the predetermined angle of approach or rake of the bit 37 and yet properly disposes the bit in relation tothe work for effective action.

In Figure 18 ashank designated 152 for use in planers, is shown disposed vertically &

and as having a head 153 completely filling the space between the lugs 56, 59. Thus, the same screw 55 serves to fasten the head 20 rigidly to the shank 152 for planer work. After the screw is positioned locking the head153 in position, the pin 58 may be. inserted to prevent the separation of the parts.

The vertical portion of the slot (21), it will be seen, is at that side of the head adj acent to the shank 52, while the slot 22 extends transversely of the head past the vertical medial line of the head. The result is that the portion of the head remote from shank 52 yields, the line of yielding being at the slot portion 21 which is approximate to a vertical line touching a point of the bit 37, whereby the spring is sensitively responsive to the impulse of the feed mechanism and the tool may recede with a quickness to prevent chatter. The provision of positive positions for the tool bits and representing the most approved rake angles makes it unnecessary to grind the tool bits except at the end. The holder, it will be seen, has provision for holding tool points or bits of varying sizes from the thin ones required in cutting off material to the wide or' 1thick ones required for large forming too s.

By the described adjustment of the head relatively to the shank by the screw 55, not only may another position of the tool point be procured without altering the rake angle but also the screw provides that the diameter or depth of cut may be determined accurately within one-ten-thousandth part of an inch while the lathe is running since the adjustment'by the screw moves the tool point vertically relatively to a horizontal line drawn diametrically through the work. In the final revolutions of the work the sensitiveness of the spring action enables the operator to cause the tool to remove a very delicate chip, thereby producing a mirror finish on the work surface thus making filing or polishing unnecessary as has been demonstrated in practice.

In further explanation of the adjustment of the tool at predetermined angles, 1 again refer to the clutch, teeth 28, 29, which, it will be observed, are twenty-four in number and that the teeth in each series aline diametrically. The result is that in engaging the clutches a shift of one tooth varies the angle of the tool 15. Hence, one. adjust-- ment of a tooth may be obtained directly horizontal, or with a shift of one tooth of the clutches the tool will be disposed 15 to the horizontal, or a shift of two teeth will dispose the too-l 30 to the horizontal, these three positions being the most desirable angles for effective work and a predetermined rake may be assured at all times such as will be suitable and effective for a lit) 7 given piece of work. Ordinarily, the rake is obtained by experiment and trial and through the medium of grinding the tool all of which is done away With in my invention;

With the described resilient head further more, vvide forming tools may heused with? out breakage and Without chattering or shocks owing tothe strength of the spring, notwithstanding its sen'si'tiveness, Clhefdig ging in of the tool is effectively prevented, the dig ing in being a common incident to the use of large or Wide tools unlessthe lathe or planer is of exceptional rigidity or the speed is very m'uc-h reduced. The einployment of my assemblagemakes it :possi ble to run the lathe or planer at a high speed, thereby saving time and labor costs. The 'pin 43 enables the tool holder to he quickly changed from a spring holder to a rigid one.

In Figures 19 and 20 is another term of .the spring head designated generally 120.

Said head is formed with a slot 121 which extends from the bottom edge of the head similarly to the slot 21 and nearer the shank 252 than to the opposite side of the head. The slot 121 instead of being deflected at an angle at its upper portion extends on oblique lines to a point adjacent the opposite side and terminates in a hole 223 complementary thereto. The head at that side of the slot opposite the shank is enlarged as at 66 to aiiord ample material for the'forming oi the transverse hole 124: and its reduced end 125 corresponding with the hole 24 and its end 25 and still preserve its strength; Thefen large nent at 66 extends below the lower edge portiom at the opposite sideof the slot 121 and thus enables the hole 124 to be brought lower so that the resilient arm has a greater length and therefore greater resiliency.

In the form shown in Figures 19 and 20 the shank 252 has a head 253 Whic'h iits snugly in the space between the lower lug 256 and upper lug 259 on the head'l20. I have shown the shank head 253 With a threaded bore 254 corresponding with the threaded bore Myst) that said shank maybe made interchangeable with the shank 52 in head 20. To retain the shank 252 in position on the head. 120, side clamp plates 60 are the head 253, said lug'sandthe opposed surfaces of the head 253 being bevelled asat 68.

I would mention that my improved tool holder is especially adapted to receive known forming tools which are made of disks 01 steel and in universal use in screw machines, lathes and planes. V'Jith my tool-holding means the stud may be revolveduntil the tool is Worn outas a given adjustmentof the clutch merely changes the cuttingpoint 15. its the forming tools referred to are commonly held in the horizontal position they may adjusted by ineans of the screw toaline with the center line of the lathe.

l u'ould'statein conclusion that 'While the ,ustrated examples constitute practical emlii'nents or my invention, I do not limit myself strictly to the exact details herein illustrated, since, manifestly, thesame can he considerably varied Without departure from the spirit of the invention as defined in the appended claims.

, Having thus described my invention, I claim: 7 V

' l. A. tool holder including a head, a turnable stud adapted to receive atool transverse y and turnable on the head for varying the rake of the tool, and an adjusting element accommodated in said stud, said ele jment having sides rigid with each other and presenting; a slot defined by saidrigid sides through which slot atool held by said stud may be passed, said adjusting element being rem-ovably held in the stud whereby to be replaced by a similar elen'ient accommodating a tol of a different size;

2. In a tool holder, a head, ja stud turnahly mounted on said head and adapted to accommodate a transversely disposed tool, a sleeve threaded on the stud, the said sleeve having one end plane and 'torined at the other end With transverse tool seats disposed in various angular positions, said sleeve be ing rei'novable from the stud and adapted to be reversed for disposing toward the head either end oi the sleeve.

3.111 a tool holderda head, a stud illll'liably held to the head and having a transverse slot through which a tool may be passed; an adjusting element acconmiodated in the slot of the stud and itself having a slot to register 'With the slot of the stud, said slotdefined by'rigid Walls, said adjusting element at the sides of the slot having end extensions presenting shoulders, and a sleeve threaded onto the stud'and eiufageable with said shoulders;

HJALMAR NATANAEL ORUP. 

